Why Troy's Achilles Difference from the Original Text: A Critique of Sexual Portrayal and Cultural Adaptation

In the critically acclaimed film 'Troy,' directed by Wolfgang Petersen, the characterization of Achilles as a heterosexual male differs significantly from the original Homeric texts. This article delves into the reasoning behind this adaptation, exploring the historical context and cultural implications of such changes. While the film may be praised for sticking to a more traditional narrative approach, it also raises questions about the interpretation and adaptation of classic literature.

Homeric Portrayal vs. Post-Homeric Depictions

The epic poem 'The Iliad,' attributed to Homer, primarily portrays Achilles as the valiant and wrathful warrior, deeply loyal to his friends and his city-state, Sparta. The relationship between Achilles and Patroclus, a close confidant and companion, is often described through a lens of deep friendship and kinship rather than a romantic or sexual one. In Post-Homeric accounts, such as those found in various Greek tragedies and oral traditions, the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus became more nuanced and romantic in nature. However, these depictions are not considered authentically Homeric.

Screenwriters’ Decisions in 'Troy'

The decision to portray Achilles as a heterosexual male in the film 'Troy' can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the filmmakers were catering to a predominantly Western, American audience. In this context, a more traditional and relatable portrayal of a hero is often preferred. Moreover, the inclusion of same-sex relationships, particularly within a high-stakes action movie, might not align well with the audience's expectations or sensibilities.

It is also important to note that the original text does not explicitly describe Achilles and Patroclus as lovers. The assumption that they had a romantic relationship is a post-Homeric interpretation. This evolutionary shift in perception is interesting, but it does not reflect the original Homeric intentions. The screenwriters of 'Troy' may have taken certain liberties, but in doing so, they assured a broader, more commercially viable audience by staying within familiar narrative boundaries.

Historical and Cultural Context

Historically, same-sex love in Ancient Greece was more common and normalized than it is in contemporary Western society. However, the nature of the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus was complex and multifaceted, encompassing deep friendship, mentorship, and loyalty. This relationship was often seen as a model of ideal manhood and loyalty in Homeric culture. The choice to portray this as a heterosexual relationship in 'Troy' can be seen as a modern attempt to align with contemporary social norms and cultural expectations.

The screenwriters' decision to make Achilles speak with an American accent, in English, and to cast a predominantly white cast further emphasizes the cinematic adaptation's focus on a Western, American audience. These choices reflect a broader narrative about the cultural diffusion and adaptation of ancient narratives in a modern, globalized context.

Implications and Criticism

While the film 'Troy' may be commended for its emphasis on traditional narrative elements, it also raises important questions about the interpretation and adaptation of classical literature. The modern portrayal of Achilles as a heterosexual male, albeit a complex and lovable hero, may diminish the historical and cultural significance of his relationship with Patroclus. It also reflects the contemporary discomfort or unfamiliarity with same-sex relationships in mainstream media.

The film's creators made a strategic decision to cater to a broader audience by aligning with more familiar and accepted narrative tropes. However, this decision also invites critical scrutiny. Questions arise about the responsibility of filmmakers to preserve and interpret classic texts with due regard for their original contexts and cultural meanings.

The relationship between Achilles and Patroclus remains a rich subject for scholarly and cultural discussion. As contemporary society continues to evolve, so too will our interpretations of classical texts and the characters within them. The film 'Troy' offers a fascinating case study of how ancient narratives are adapted for modern consumption and the challenges involved in doing so.