The Mormon Exodus from Missouri: A Deep Dive into History and Conflict

Introduction

The Mormon community's expulsion from Missouri is a significant chapter in American religious and social history. This article delves into the events leading up to the so-called "Mormon War" of 1838 and the subsequent relocation of the Mormon settlers to other territories. It explores the complexities of religious zeal, territorial disputes, and the broader context of pre-Civil War Missouri.

The Genesis of Conflict: Early Mormon Settlements

The first Mormons arrived in Missouri in the early 1830s, seeking to establish New Jerusalem as foretold in scriptures. Joseph Smith, the founder of the Mormon religion, declared that various landmarks in Missouri were significant in biblical history. For example, he suggested that the Garden of Eden was in northern Missouri, and that a pile of stones he found was the altar built by Adam after being cast out of Eden.

Additionally, he proclaimed that the New Jerusalem where Christ would return in his second coming would be at Independence, Missouri. These claims, along with other "prophecies," fueled the tensions between the Mormon settlers and the local Missourians. The Mormons began settling on land that was already claimed by Missourians and started vocalizing their plans to build the new Jerusalem, which further incited local resistance.

Official Beginnings and Arrogance

In the summer of 1836, the Mormons published an article in the Independence Star newspaper, inviting free Negroes and mulattoes to join them and settle in Missouri. This move only added to the already simmering tensions, especially in a region where racial issues were highly charged. This arrogance on the part of the Mormons was similar to waving a red flag in front of a very large and angry bull.

Militia and Accusations

The formation of a Missouri militia was initially not directed against the Mormons. According to contemporary records, the militia was formed to protect the state's border from external threats, particularly from neighboring "bloody Kansas." However, the Mormons mistook the militia's presence for a hostile act. This misunderstanding led to several skirmishes and battles, which escalated into the "Mormon War" of 1838.

The turning point came on June 22, 1834, when Joseph Smith had a "revelation" at the Fishing River. In this revelation, Smith claimed that the Lord had chastised the Mormons for their arrogance. Following this divine intervention, he disbanded "Zion's Camp," the quasi-military organization the Mormons had established, and retreated to safer locations in Illinois.

The Mormon Perception of Persecution and Modern Reinterpretation

Modern Mormon church history often portrays the early struggles in Missouri as a case of persecution against "poor Mormons." However, this narrative is far from accurate. If the Mormons had simply settled quietly and avoided controversial public claims, there would have been no significant disruption, and the "Mormon War" might never have occurred.

The conflict was largely driven by the Mormons' arrogance and aggressive behavior. They mistakenly believed that they were entitled to the land and resources, and they had not legally purchased the land they settled on. Their actions were indeed a source of significant disruption and hostility from the local Missourians.

Conclusion: Historical Lessons and Implications

The events surrounding the Mormon War in Missouri serve as a stark reminder of the pitfalls of religious zealotry and the dangers of ignoring local consent and boundaries. Joseph Smith's misguided attempts at prophesying and his promotion of controversial ideas contributed significantly to the conflict. Understanding these historical events is crucial for grasping the complexities of religious movements and the challenges they present to societal harmony.

For those interested in further exploring this topic, the book "Far West Missouri: It Shall be Called Most Holy" by Dan and Janet Lisonbee, and Doctrine and Covenants 105: 2–6 provide valuable insights into the events and subsequent Mormon history.